See gʰrem- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʰrem- meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrem-é-ti ~ *gʰr̥m-énti (root thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰrémō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰrémō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰrémō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*χρέμω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *χρέμω (*khrémō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *χρέμω (*khrémō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χρεμετίζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χρεμετίζω (khremetízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χρεμετίζω (khremetízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰé-gʰrem-ti ~ *gʰé-gʰr̥m-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gramė́ti",
"t": "to fall with a rumble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gramė́ti (“to fall with a rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gramė́ti (“to fall with a rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrém-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰrámyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grámyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grámyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grámyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"pos": "3sg.dur.",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to roar",
"tr": "ɣryntq",
"ts": "ɣrintē"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ɣryntq /ɣrintē/, “to roar”, 3sg.dur.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ɣryntq /ɣrintē/, “to roar”, 3sg.dur.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "عارمیدان",
"t": "to thunder, roar, fly in a passion",
"tr": "ğarmîdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: عارمیدان (ğarmîdan, “to thunder, roar, fly in a passion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: عارمیدان (ğarmîdan, “to thunder, roar, fly in a passion”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "ғармидан"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: ғармидан (ġarmidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: ғармидан (ġarmidan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrom-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramjaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥-né-m-ti ~ *gʰr̥-n-m-énti (nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaną",
"t": "to roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to roar”) (< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grimēˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grьměti",
"t": "to thunder, to roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grьměti (“to thunder, to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grьměti (“to thunder, to roar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-éh₁-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grumė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: grumė́ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: grumė́ti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥msćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥mšáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gʰr̥mšáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gʰr̥mšáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "غړوم",
"t": "roar; rumble, peal of thunder",
"tr": "ğṛum"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: غړوم (ğṛum, “roar; rumble, peal of thunder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: غړوم (ğṛum, “roar; rumble, peal of thunder”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غرم",
"tr": "ğaram"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غرم (ğaram)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غرم (ğaram)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrem-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaz",
"t": "grim, grimly, fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“grim, grimly, fierce”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“grim, grimly, fierce”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrom-ó-s"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to roar, rumble"
],
"id": "en-gʰrem--ine-pro-root-1jPNDvoP",
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰrem-"
},
{
"word": "*dʰwen-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to thunder"
],
"id": "en-gʰrem--ine-pro-root-0A0VSLzf",
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*(s)tenh₂-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʰrem-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrem-é-ti ~ *gʰr̥m-énti (root thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰrémō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰrémō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰrémō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*χρέμω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *χρέμω (*khrémō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *χρέμω (*khrémō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χρεμετίζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χρεμετίζω (khremetízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χρεμετίζω (khremetízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰé-gʰrem-ti ~ *gʰé-gʰr̥m-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gramė́ti",
"t": "to fall with a rumble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gramė́ti (“to fall with a rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gramė́ti (“to fall with a rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrém-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰrámyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grámyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grámyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grámyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"pos": "3sg.dur.",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to roar",
"tr": "ɣryntq",
"ts": "ɣrintē"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ɣryntq /ɣrintē/, “to roar”, 3sg.dur.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ɣryntq /ɣrintē/, “to roar”, 3sg.dur.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "عارمیدان",
"t": "to thunder, roar, fly in a passion",
"tr": "ğarmîdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: عارمیدان (ğarmîdan, “to thunder, roar, fly in a passion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: عارمیدان (ğarmîdan, “to thunder, roar, fly in a passion”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "ғармидан"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: ғармидан (ġarmidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: ғармидан (ġarmidan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrom-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramjaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥-né-m-ti ~ *gʰr̥-n-m-énti (nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaną",
"t": "to roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to roar”) (< metathesized *gʰr-én-m-ti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grimēˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grьměti",
"t": "to thunder, to roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grьměti (“to thunder, to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grьměti (“to thunder, to roar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-éh₁-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grumė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: grumė́ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: grumė́ti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥m-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥msćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥mšáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gʰr̥mšáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gʰr̥mšáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "غړوم",
"t": "roar; rumble, peal of thunder",
"tr": "ğṛum"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: غړوم (ğṛum, “roar; rumble, peal of thunder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: غړوم (ğṛum, “roar; rumble, peal of thunder”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غرم",
"tr": "ğaram"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غرم (ğaram)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غرم (ğaram)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrem-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaz",
"t": "grim, grimly, fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“grim, grimly, fierce”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“grim, grimly, fierce”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰrom-ó-s"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to roar, rumble"
],
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰrem-"
},
{
"word": "*dʰwen-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to thunder"
],
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*(s)tenh₂-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʰrem-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.